Normative Reference Values of Cardiac Output by Pulsed-Wave Doppler Echocardiography in Adults

Cardiac output (CO) is routinely assessed by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography, yet reference values in adults are lacking. We aim to establish normative of CO and cardiac index (CI) Doppler-echocardiography analyze their relation with gender age nonobese obese adults. included 4,040 (mean age: 55 years, 53% women, 950 [body mass ?30 kg/m²]) normal blood pressure, no history cardiovascular disease, transthoracic echocardiography. Normative CI for were calculated 3,090 patients quantile regression. limits lower females than males (lower limit: 3.3 vs 3.5 L/min, upper 7.3 8.2 L/min). identical both genders 1.9 L/min/m², 4.3 L/min/m²). Although the was weak observed only not influenced age. significantly greater that counterparts. different limit 1.8 4.1 L/min/m² genders). In conclusion, a large adult population we measured Doppler-echocardiography. remarkably stable parameter age, gender, body size should be used define low- high-output states.